Aicpa Statements On Auditing Standards - 1351 Words

AICPA Statements on Auditing Standards The government and accounting professionals have been focusing on accounting policy and procedures since the Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco financial scandals occurred. These financial scandals occurred by company executives and public accounting companies who failed to disclose and account for the known fraud (Casabona Grego, 2003, p. 16). Due to these financial accounting scandals the Auditing Standards Board (ASB) of the AICPA established Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS), in addition to the requirements made by SOX and the PCAOB, to hold companies and auditors accountable for financial statement reporting (p. 16). According to Casabona and Grego (2003), in 1997, the ABS established SAS No. 82, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit (p. 16). SAS No. 82 provided companies with policies and procedures on the review of material fraud in a financial statement audit (p. 16). SAS No. 82 was in effect until 2000, when the ASB, AIC PA’s Fraud Task Force, and the Panel on Audit Effectiveness selected by the PCAOB, determined changes and alterations to the SAS needed to be made based on research, recommendations from other accounting professional groups, and recommendations from financial reporting shareholders (p. 16). Therefore, SAS No. 99 was established in place of SAS No. 82, keeping the same title, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit (p. 16). SAS No. 99 as noted by Casabona and Grego heightens theShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Public Accounting Firms Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesAuditing Assignment 1-20 Public accounting firms are sometimes grouped into categories of local firms, regional firms, national firms, and international firms. Explain briefly the characteristics of each. Include in your answer the types of services stressed in each group. Local accounting firms are owned and managed by one or two CPAs. The firm usually has several staff accountants that usually operate in an informal manner. Work is performed in the firm’s accounting office’s rather than the client’sRead MoreInternational Auditing Standards And Standards1522 Words   |  7 Pages International Auditing Standards Put your name here Put the name of your school / university here United States of America In the United States, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) works as an independent body, setting standards for auditing under the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). The IAASB establishes the best quality auditing, quality control, assurance, and related services in order to ensure uniformity of practice by professionals allRead MoreAuditing, Attestation, Assurance1301 Words   |  6 PagesAuditing, Attestation, and Assurance Name Class Date Instructor Auditing, Attestation, and Assurance What is Auditing, Attestation and Assurance? Auditing relates to the analysis of the financial statements, attestation relates to the financial information beyond the financial statements, and assurance relates to improvement of the reliability of the financial information within the financial statements. This paper will give examples of each type of service, who might request these servicesRead MoreAudit Planning And The Audit1215 Words   |  5 Pagesvarious standards, which require financial information to be prepared in a specific way as stipulated by various standard setting bodies. Therefore, in audit planning each body has distinct guidelines to be followed in accordance to the jurisdiction’s accepted accounting principles. 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Accounting is the recording, classifying, and summarizing of economic events in a logical manner for the purpose of providing financial information for decision making (Arens, Elder, Be asley, 2010). Many people confuse auditingRead MoreAudit Introduction Letter1178 Words   |  5 PagesWatershed (AOW) DATE: February 11, 2013 SUBJECT: Auditing and Other Assurance Services Available SUMMARY: This memo includes information regarding the services that Anderson, Olds, and Watershed (AOW) is able to provide to clients as well as the standards that auditors must follow during an audit. I have also outlined here my responsibilities as auditor-in-charge during an audit. AVAILABLE SERVICES: AOW offers a multitude of auditing and assurance services to our clients, including conductingRead MoreEssay about Enron Case637 Words   |  3 Pagesinvestigating ethical lapses and questionable business dealings† (Knapp, 2010, p. 14). 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The Agricultural Facets Of Appalachia Essay - 1676 Words

Appalachian Agriculture The agricultural facets of Appalachia have been influenced over time due to the introduction of various types of foreign farming practices, government enforced regulations, foreign animals and plants, and westward expansion. â€Å"Rapidly evolving technologies and fluctuating costs influence the nuances of sustainability, but the essence of the concept is protection of both the land and the people who occupy it† (400). Beginning simply with subsistence farming and hunting and evolving into modern large-scale industrial agriculture Appalachian agriculture has negatively influenced the natural landscape of the mountains and its forest which resulted in a poor economy that was only advanced after more productive farming methods were invented and practiced. Native American agriculture was largely subsistence farming and hunter-gatherer ontogeny, based on the idea the hunters and the animals shared a mutual understanding and respect and not taking more than absolutely necessary. â€Å"By the Mississippian period (A.D. 900-1550), the largest group of indigenous people within southern Appalachia, the Cherokee, had become proficient in growing crops† (428). It wasn’t until the Spanish settler’s introduction of foreign flora and fauna in the region that the subsistence farming and hunting began to shift to marketable and large scale agriculture in order incorporate new foods into their diets such as peaches, watermelons, and sweet potatoes, as well as domesticatedShow MoreRelatedThe Progressive Montessori School System1748 Words   |  7 Pagesonce produced thirty of the populous little brown bats now produced one on a good night. I applied for the master’s program at Portland State University with two objectives, to experience life in an urban environment outside of Appalachia, and to advance my geographic scholarship and research . As a master’s student at Portland State University, I have had the opportunity for inter- and intra-disciplinary exploration, professional development, and scholarly growth. My thesis, Who’s

Solar Energy Facts Free Essays

ASTOUNDING SOLAR ENERGY FACTS What is solar energy? People often think of solar energy as solar panels mounted on roofs in sunny neighborhoods. This is only part of solar energy (â€Å"Solar energy facts,†2012). Solar energy is the oldest energy source. We will write a custom essay sample on Solar Energy Facts or any similar topic only for you Order Now Plants, animal and the microbial life have been using it as a principle energy source since the times of creation. It is in the form of heat and light. In the past years, people have tapped solar energy enabling it to be used at all times; including the nights, in all weather conditions, can be stored as well as be transferred. Solar energy can be defined as the technology used to exploit the sun’s power and make it usable. Solar energy facts * Solar energy makes life a reality. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb sunlight and provide food and oxygen which animals consume to live. Human bodies absorb solar energy this helps to regulate body temperature. Sunlight also provides vitamin D, which is necessary to human health. * Solar energy is an extremely clean energy source. It is environmentally healthier than traditionally fossil related forms of energy since it does not emit any known pollutants to the environment. The earth absorbs approximately 3. 85 million exajoules of energy from the sun. This is big compared to the earth’s use of about 56. 7 exajoules. The sun is the sole source of solar energy, believed to last for more than 5 billion years. This means solar energy is the most renewable and viable source of energy. * The practical use of solar energy is inexhaustible. Leonardo Da Vin ci (1452-1519) proposed the concentrating solar principle, which a concave mirror directs rays to solar water heaters. Also upon launch, satellites and spacecrafts use solar energy as their main source. Solar energy is responsible for the weather and ocean currents. Majority of the thermal energy which is due to solar energy stored in the ocean. This means the transfer of energy on the earth’s surface relates to the ocean-atmosphere. Utilization of solar energy * Solar thermal plants concentrate the sun’s energy as a heat source to boil water used to run steam powered turbines to generate electricity. * Solar panels using photovoltaic cells convert solar energy into electricity to light homes, though storage batteries may be needed. Solar energy can be used in war, as from Archimedes who by directing heat rays using mirrors burned down ships that had siege Syracuse. * Solar water heater utilizes solar energy to warm water for homes. Also by the use of heat absorbent su rfaces, solar energy can be used to heat pools. * In food processing, solar energy presents a significant functionality in drying. In summary, solar energy is a renewable source of green energy and has a tremendous and endless industrial utilization. It is also vital to life and nature. This solar energy facts reveal that solar is the main green energy source at hand. References Solar Energy Information and Facts(2010). Retrieved from http://www. valopia. com/index. php/Solar/solar-energy-information-and-facts. html Solar Energy Facts. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. solarenergy-facts. org/ Solar power facts. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. solarpowerfacts. biz/ Wind Solar Projects. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. windsolarprojects. com/ How to cite Solar Energy Facts, Essay examples

Analysis of the Australian Meat Industry-Free-Samples for Student

Question: Discuss about the political, economic, social, environmental and technical analysis of the Australian Meat industry. Answer: Introduction Australia produces meat on a relatively small scale compared to other major economies. However, Australia export a significant amount of its meat annually due to its comparatively small population and low consumption (Spencer Kneebone, 2012). The countrys meat industry is majorly divided into two different production systems that include the Northern (bos indicus cattle breed) and Southern (Bos Taurus cattle breed) meat producers. The meat production and supply chain in Australia is significantly affected by different factors that also influences the competitive advantage of the industry locally and internationally. As such, this report conducts a pest analysis that includes political, economic, social, environmental and technical analysis of the Australian meat industry. The report further highlights the industrys porter's five forces that include the bargaining power of consumers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of new entrants and the threat of substitute products. Pestle Analysis Political factors There is an increased international demand for protein particularly in regions experiencing various political unrests and wars such as the Middle East and Northern parts of Africa (Kotler et al., 2009). Similarly, multinationals and developed economies in Europe and the U.S are acquiring and developing large tracts of agricultural lands in most developing economies. The result of such acquisitions is a significant effect on the agricultural production and reduced food security. Economic factors The 2008 global economic crisis affected most economies and resulted into acute food shortage among other important necessities in most countries. However, Australia is steadily recovering from the global financial crisis that affected its interest rates, commodity prices, international and local trade and consumption among other economic issues. For instance, the interest rates have significantly reduced making their commodities more competitive both globally and locally. Australia has also dismantled most of its trade barriers especially in its food industry in accordance with WTO policies increasing its exports. Social factors The increase in different lifestyle diseases in Australia and in different parts of the world means that future consumption of red meat among other related products is likely to reduce (Spencer Kneebone, 2012). The increased need to maintain a healthy eating pattern explains why most households are likely to reduce their purchase and consumption of red meat which is largely attributed to chronic diseases such as cancer. Environmental factors The fluctuating climatic conditions in Australia implies that cattle producers have to use different breeds to meet market demands and specifications (Adams et al., 2008). Also, the diversity in environmental conditions occasionally forces producers to move their respective stocks closer to the market and to greener pastures. This has increased operational costs among meat producers in the country due to the increase in freight costs. Technical factors Various technological applications introduced into the Australian meat industry have significantly increased production. For example, the introduction of vitro development of embryo and cryopreservation of embryo technologies. Moreover, the introduction of HMC and vitrification technologies have plummeted the reproduction of beef cattle in Australia (Spencer Kneebone, 2012). Porter's five forces Bargaining power of consumers The bargaining power of consumers in the Australian meat industry high. This can be attributed to the increased range of available meat products offered by many competitors in the market. Most consumers in Australia are very keen on the best quality meat and reasonable pricing. The Southern Australia meet producers are known to produce the best quality beef but are relatively expensive to Northern meet products. The result is an increase in the bargaining power of the consumers due to the low switching costs and expanded options. The high bargaining power of consumers is forcing the Northern and Southern meet producers in Australia to revaluate their pricing and quality production strategies to remain competitive in the industry. Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers in the Australian meat industry relatively low. This low bargaining power can be accredited to the many producers from Northern and Southern parts of Australia. Also, the perceived differences in taste between forequarters and hindquarters have further affected retail of meat products in Australia. The Northern and Southern meat consumers, therefore, have the enhanced advantage of directly negotiating with these many meat suppliers to reduce prices and i9ncrease quality. Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants into the Australian meat industry is high. The high threat of possible entrants can be ascribed to the high growing rate of Australian economy and other sectors of the economy. Many investors are gaining interest in the Australia meat industry. This is also attributed to the minimal regulations by the Australian government on companies seeking to gain entry into this lucrative industry. This high threat of potential market players has led to prices wars with both Northern and Southern producers aiming at sustaining their respective market dominance. Threat of substitute products The threat of substitute products in the Australian meat industry is also high. The high threat of substitutes can be ascribed to increased entrance of new market players into the industry. Also, alternative sources of protein such as fish and chicken threatens the long-term survival of the industry. Other crucial sources of protein include walnuts and soya beans among others. Indeed, most consumers are increasingly becoming more conscious about their health and spending behaviours. Most of these substitute products are considered to be healthier and relatively cheap. Thus, the competitiveness and profitability of various producers in the Australian meat industry have significantly reduced as a result of the increased presence of substitute products. Threat of ccompetitive rivalry The threat of competitive rivalry in the Australian meat industry high. Some of the companies with large operations in the industry include the Consolidated Pastoral Company (CPC) in Northern Australia, the North Australian Pastoral Company (NAPCo), Paraway Pastoral Company, and S. Kidman Company among others. The industry also faces competition from commercial meat processing from the UK, Mexico and U.S (Spencer Kneebone, 2012). As a result of the high competitive rivalry, sales of meat products and the market share of respective companies operating in the industry have reduced significantly. Conclusion Based on the comprehensive analysis of the Pestle, the report ascertain that a relatively stable political environment, stable economy, climatic diversity, technological applications and lifestyle changes affects the operations in the industry. Conversely, based on the analysis of Porters 5 forces, the report point at increased competition and high market entrants as some of the feasible market threats. References: Adams, R. M., Hurd, B. H., Lenhart, S., Leary, N. (2008). Effects of global climate change on agriculture: an interpretative review. Climate Research, 11(1), 19-30. Asseng, S., Ewert, F., Martre, P., Rtter, R. P., Lobell, D. B., Cammarano, D., ... Reynolds, M. P. (2015). Rising temperatures reduce global meat production. Nature Climate Change, 5(2), 143-147. Cline, W. R. (2007). Global warming and agriculture: Impact estimates by country. Peterson Institute. Ho, J.K.K. (2014) Formulation of a Systemic PEST Analysis for Strategic Analysis, European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-492. Kotler, P, Keller, K, Burton, S (2009) Marketing management, 1st adapted edition, Frenchs Forest, Pearson Education Australia pp. 74-89. Kotler, P., Keller, K., Burton, S (2009), from Chapter 3: Gathering information and scanning the environment, Marketing Management, 1st adapted edition, pp. 74-89, Frenchs Forest, Pearson Education Australia. Kunc, M. (2010) Revisiting Porters generic strategies for competitive environments using system dynamics, Computational Analysis of Firms Organization and Strategic Behaviour, 1(2), pp.152. Spencer, S Kneebone, M (2012) 'FOODmap: An analysis of the Australian food supply chain', Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (DAFF), Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra. Statistics.mla.com.au. 2017. MIDAS - Run Report. [online] Available at: https://statistics.mla.com.au/Report/RunReport/e4469a3e-e951-4f85-8243-4d3b0f432624 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]. The Conversation. 2017. Three charts on: Australia's declining taste for beef and growing appetite for chicken. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/three-charts-on-australias-declining-taste-for-beef-and-growing-appetite-for-chicken-78100 [Accessed 24 Aug. 2017]

The Long Loneliness free essay sample

This paper reviews the autobiography The Long Loneliness by Dorothy Day dealing with her conversion to Catholicism. The paper reviews the book The Long Loneliness which is set during the Depression era. Dorothy Day desperately searches for some meaning and purpose to her life. This search results in her conversion to Catholicism. From then onwards, she devotes herself to community work, which is her way of staying in touch with God. Her autobiography, The Long Loneliness talks about the turmoil of her times, and her renewed faith in religion and God. The paper reflects on various experiences of Days life and the lessons she learns from them. Dorothy Day is and will always be remembered as one of the most prolific American writers of the Depression era. But Day was not exactly a writer, as one would conclude from the warm reviews that that her books received. She was essentially a social activist who wrote novels only to serve her life goals and objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Long Loneliness or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Cockpit Video Cameras...The Issues Essays - Aviation Safety

Cockpit Video Cameras...The Issues Essays - Aviation Safety Cockpit Video Cameras...The Issues Introduction The National Transportation Board has recommended to the Federal Aviation Administration that all FAR Part 121, 125, and 135 passenger-carrying aircraft be equipped with cockpit video recorders, cockpit voice recorders and digital flight data recorders (Rimmer, 2000). The use of flight data information has been very useful to the National Transportation Safety Board for solving countless aircraft accidents and mishaps. The recent surge for the upgraded equipment, especially the cockpit video recorders, stems from the crashes of ValuJet Flight 592 in the Florida Everglades, Swissair Flight 111, which crashed off the coast of Halifax, and more recently the EgyptAir 990 crash (Safety Board Favors Cameras For Cockpits, 2000). The current equipment used in the aircraft today is the Cockpit Voice Recorder and the Flight Data Recorder. The cockpit voice recorder records the radio transmissions between the pilots and the air traffic controllers who guide the planes to their designated areas in the air and on the ground. The cockpit voice recorder also records the sounds inside the cockpit between pilots, stall warning signals, engine noise, landing gear extension and retraction, weather briefs, and any other abnormal noises (Barker, 1999). The flight data recorder monitors certain parameters of the actual airplane such as the altitude, airspeed, compass heading, vertical acceleration and time (Maharry, 2000). Definition The National Transportation Safety Board wants to upgrade existing flight data recorders and implement cockpit video recorders for safety reasons and to help solve commercial airline crashes. The airline pilots are against the idea of the cockpit recorders due to the fact that they will be on camera at all times and feel that this is a breach of privacy and the film could be leaked to the media (Sher, 2000). Affected Principles The National Transportation Safety Board has cited that with the help of the cockpit video recorders accidents can be solved more quickly (Safety Board Favors Cameras For Cockpits, 2000). Pilots oppose the use of the cameras stating that it is a breach of privacy into the pilots workspace (Sher, 2000). Unions such as the Air Line Pilots Association think very much the same as the pilots do. The unions think that todays technology is sufficient enough so that cockpit video recorders are not necessary (Mann, 2000). The victims and the lawyers representing the victims want to be active participants in the National Transportation Safety Board investigation (Richfield, 2000). The upgrades and the cockpit video recorders can be beneficial to the airlines themselves. The cockpit video recorders may determine if there were flaws in the manufacturing of the aircraft or pilot error. The passengers who board the aircraft everyday will stand to benefit from the information emotionally and econom ically; confidence in the government to solve these issues is paramount (Hall, 1999). How Principles Are Affected The National Transportation Safety Board wants the cameras to show the whole cockpit to include all crewmembers. The NTSB has stated that the faces of the pilots will not be necessary in the implementation of the video cameras. Two hours of color video will be in constant use in the cockpits. The cameras need to be color due to the color coordination of some of the flight screens in the cockpit. The use of the camera can show the actual settings of the instruments also. The video can be compared to what the flight data recorder indicates. This information can be critical if both recordings show different readings (Safety Board Calls For Cameras In The Cockpit, 2000). The National Transportation Safety Board has indicated that the circuit breaker to the camera will be inaccessible to any of the crew during flight. This decision arises from the idea that the pilot from SilkAir737 pulled the circuit breaker to the flight data recorder before allegedly crashing the plane. (Safety Board C alls For Cameras In The Cockpit, 2000). The National Transportation Safety Board, along with taxpayers, will also be affected economically with the implementation of the recorders. Currently, the National Transportation Safety Board has spent more than 13 million dollars and 2,400 workdays trying to solve the crash of EgyptAir 990. Economic projections for this crash may run as high as 17 million dollars before the investigation is either solved or unsolved (Mann, 2000). The pilots

Americas Post-Civil War Growing Pains Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Americas Post-Civil War Growing Pains - Essay Example Lincoln plans were supported by most republicans in the congress since they were seen to be an attempt of putting an end to the civil war (Wiegand, 2009). This period saw the construction of roads and railway lines aimed at linking various parts of the United States. The road and rail networks would enhance industrialization and free movement of goods and services that would result in faster economic growth. This period also witnessed the construction of factories, mines and mills around the United States. In addition cities and towns crew around the factories which brought about the growth of urban population from 5 million to 45 million (Guameri, 1991). Industrialization enabled workers to have better and safer working conditions. Employers had to look into the demand of workers in terms of good pay, health and safety measures as well compensation. In addition, industrialization also enabled the United States to produce several goods at lower prices. Since most factories were located in the cities, there was rural urban migration because of the presence of jobs. This further led to the increasing population in the cities across United States (Guameri, 1991). The assassination of President Lincoln changed all the plans that had been put in place for the readmission of the southern states into the union and in the reconstruction process. The reconstruction process would have been faster and easier if President Lincoln had not been assassinated. The assassination of the president was a big blow to the reconstruction process that would see the readmission of the southern states (Wiegand, 2009). Further, the death of the president brought hatred between southern and northern states. The society had vengeful attitudes towards each other. In order to bring harmony into the society, radical republicans decided to implement bills that

Fungi as a source of food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fungi as a source of food - Essay Example There is vitamin d2 production when ergosterols in mushrooms are exposed to ultraviolet light. Fungi have certain interesting twists especially when one zeros down to the mushrooms. In the ancient Egypt for example, mushrooms were exclusively believed to be foods for the royalties. The unique flavors intrigued the powerful pharaohs to the extent of declaring them illegal for the commoners to consume. In china, Greece, Mexico, Russia and Latin America, the practice of mushroom rituals took place. They believed that mushrooms possessed properties capable of producing super human strengths. They also believed that mushrooms could help recover lost objects, and take the human soul to the presence of the gods (Phillips and Reid 62). Edible fungi like mushroom have been in consumption since the 18th century. France prides early leadership in the farming of mushrooms with certain accounts stating that Louis XIV being the first mushroom grower. Mushrooms were grown near Paris in special caves set aside for this activity. Mushroom farming later spread to England since the farmers there found it very easy to grow. It demanded low investments, less labor and space. Mushroom farming found its way to the United States in the 19th century though the growers there largely depended on the spawn they imported from England (Phillips and Reid 32). A book was published in 1891 shedding a lot of light on mushroom growing. Immediately after, the department of agriculture in the U.S allocated some money in research and produced a pure-culture virgin spawn cutting their dependency on imported spawn. The growth of mushroom production has since then achieved great development in the U.S. Recent research by scientists on hallucinogen psilocybin, which is an active ingredient in mushrooms, shows that one dose causes serious positive personality change in their patients. The changes were

York and Sevilla Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

York and Sevilla - Essay Example New York City boasts of numerous Air Trains that have full-time operation within the city. There are three main airports people tourists and public travelers use to fly across the city including JFK International airport. The Newark Liberty International airport is a key transport terminal. LaGuardia Airport is another transport terminal in New York. Air transport facilitates tourism industry within the city because it is relatively cheaper to fly across the city at only $5 while children under five years take it free. In addition, tourists who may wish to fly using private flight have only twenty-five minutes to move between Teterboro Airport and Midtown Manhattan. However, air transport in York city, particularly the public sector, may at times limit tourism activities due to frequent commercial air traffic, consequently leading to unwanted delays. Sevilla offers a many advantage to tourists of all walks who visit the destination. The Sevilla International Airport is 25 minutes away from the city’s center. The Airport helps in facilitating quick tourist movements in and outside the city. In addition, La Parra International Airport, located only 10km away from Jerez de la Frontera, offers relatively cheap flights for tourists to Sevilla. Most of the flights have WI-Fi access that enables tourists to browse through and access information while on board. However, most of the flight-service-offering companies are relatively expensive to the tourists. The city of New York mainly utilizes two rail stations found in Midtown, Pen Station on the west side and the Grand Central Terminal on the east side of the city. The stations enjoy services from many bus and subway lines that facilitate an exchange of travelers out and into the stations (Boniface & Cooper 2009, p. 282). The railway transport is a good supplement to other means of transport available in New York because it does not experience traffic congestions. In addition, rail transport offers

Impact of Emoticons on Commerce

Impact of Emoticons on Commerce Emoticons the essential tool for emotion in commerce Emojis serve a very particular role in business communication and therefore need to be employed for specific situations where a sense of connection between the communicating parties is required to boost the outcome of an organisation. Emoticons, another word for emojis, are a set of symbols that have begun to replace words in messaging services and are being slowly implemented in written business communication methods. Whilst they were once simply childs play, a newfound purpose has surfaced and their introduction into the commercial world has seen an increase of success, despite their initial unprofessionalism. They can provide the lacking emotional connection in written business communications, which involve that between internal and external parties for purposes such as marketing and leadership, management and knowledge transfer, in electronic forms of verbal messaging. Hence there is definitive time and place for emoticon use in written business communication. Before the surge of social media, businesses looked down upon technological communication, leading the workforce to develop face to face communication techniques. Now, emojis have risen to provide a similar experience for communicators of technology, to that of a face to face conversation. Face to face communication allows for display of immediate behaviour, which describes the communication behaviour that psychologically brings the receiver of the message closer to the one who is sending the message (Kelley and Autman 2014, p. 49). This improves or furthers the connection between the two communicating parties, elevating the level of understanding between them and therefore better the communication of messages. This induces a range of positive effects for specific circumstances. In a marketing setting, the increasing understanding between two parties such as that of a brand and a customer develops trust and credibility. No matter the type of marketing, there is a need for trust and c redibility to be engendered in the customers, by the brand (Lynch and de Chernatony 2004, p. 408). As society moves towards a new era of technological advancement, verbal communication becomes more necessary, as companies are resulting in the ability to expand themselves past any physical restrictions, to increase their customer pools. This has also led to the distancing of communicators because of the gradual loss of immediate behaviours such as observable emotions and gestures, causing communication to appear increasingly vague and easily misunderstood. Hence, it is now absolutely crucial for marketing professionals to search for ways to re-establish the lost emotional connection during verbal communication. The use of emoticons open a new window for marketers to portray their ideas with a slightly more accuracy as to when only verbal communication was used. Emojis have now begun to find their way into the lexicon of the technological society (Walther and DAddario 2001, p. 327). The significance of non-verbal communication is still being studied today, but the pervading idea tha t verbal communication does not build as strong of a relationship or understanding between the two sides of a conversation. Many researchers have come to conclusions that emoticons have been adopted to make up for the absent nonverbal social cues (Skovholt, Gronning and Kankaanranta, 2014). There is an inherent increase in discussion about the relevance of emotion to leadership roles. Walther and DAddario (2001, p. 324) found that Kiesler, Siegel, and McGuire (1984) observed the traditional forms of communication, head nods, smiles, eye contact, distance, tone of voice, and other non-verbal behaviour give speakers and listeners information they can use to regulate, modify, and control exchanges. Managerial roles heavily depend on the ability to communicate with others in their team, and the need for emotional intelligence is extremely significant as without the understanding of non-verbal behaviour can hinder the efficiency of any team and could possibly provoke disagreements or other unnecessary conflict. As most employees primary source of social interaction is with their work group, the communication that takes place must allow them to release emotional expression of feelings and fulfil social needs. Kelley and Autman (2014) found in a research that leaders who used social media and emoticons to communicate with their team members were seen as more immediate or engaged with their members, improving their connections and productivity levels with their team members. Knowledge transfer is described as a combination of the processes of transmission and reception of knowledge as Nylund and Raelin (2015, p. 532) found from Grant (1996). It involves verbal, non-verbal and tonal emotional signals expressed between the individuals who are communicating (Nylund and Raelin 2015, p. 533) and for individuals to be able to receive the full message, all signals must be expressed. Therefore, it is questionable of whether emails and memos are sufficient in passing the exact message between leaders or managers and their team members. Despite the fact that email and memorandum and quick methods of communication, they are not necessarily the most accurate. In fact, all forms of written communication are just as lacking in comparison to face to face communication. Emojis can provide more depth to the message, adding specificity of the subject, tone, mood and many other aspects of speech to the written message. Even though emoticons were not initially designed for businesses use, recent updates to emoji packages on operating systems keyboards have added icons such as clocks, pens and briefcases for corporal use. So perhaps developers of these packages have begun to consider purposes outside casual conversations. Emoticons can also evoke a conversational tone, allowing individuals to speak on a more casual basis. Spinks, Wells and Meche (1999) have explored the professionalism of emails. Some have said that emails were meant for efficient and informal means of communication or for more conversational instances than traditional paper communications (Spinks, Wells and Meche, 1999). This remains a constant debate, even today, in corporate companies, and though most companies remain open to the use of emails, some companies have chosen to limit the use of communication via such means.  ­ There has always been a focus on the need for members of teams to understand each other and can communicate and connect with each other but today, this is not merely a throwaway idea or concept. In a world where businesses are deep in a period of technological evolution, professionals may or have noticed that there has been a loss or decrease in those qualities as a result of implementing computer based and mobile based verbal communication systems to create a more modern environment and work culture. Whilst researchers continue to look into the greater potential and impacts of the newly developed and viral, image-based language within written business communications, businesses are continuing to adapt their face to face communication habits into that of computer mediated communication. Bibliography Kelley, S. and Autman, H. (2014). EFFECTIVE COMPUTER-MEDIATED BUSINESS COMMUNICATION: FOSTERING IMMEDIACY. The Journal of Research in Business Education; Reston, [online] 56(2), pp.48-58. Available at: https://search-proquest-com.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/docview/1764323101?accountid=12763 [Accessed 16 Mar. 2017]. Skovholt, K., Grà ¸nning, A. and Kankaanranta, A. (2014). The Communicative Functions of Emoticons in Workplace E-Mails: :-). Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, [online] 19(4), pp.780-797. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/doi/10.1111/jcc4.12063/full [Accessed 13 Mar. 2017]. Nylund, P. and Raelin, J. (2015). When feelings obscure reason: The impact of leaders explicit and emotional knowledge transfer on shareholder reactions. The Leadership Quarterly, [online] 26(4), pp.532-542. Available at: http://dx.doi.org.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.06.003 [Accessed 16 Mar. 2017]. Lynch, J. and de Chernatony, L. (2004). The power of emotion: Brand communication in business-to-business markets. Journal of Brand Management, [online] 11(5), pp.403-419. Available at: https://search-proquest-com.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/docview/232487806?accountid=12763 [Accessed 16 Mar. 2017]. Walther, J. and DAddario, K. (2001). The Impacts of Emoticons on Message Interpretation in Computer-Mediated Communication. Social Science Computer Review, 19(3), pp.324-347. [Accessed 16 Mar. 2017]. Spinks, N., Wells, B. and Meche, M. (1999). Netiquette: a behavioral guide to electronic business communication. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, [online] 4(3), pp.145-155. Available at: https://search-proquest-com.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/docview/214191666?accountid=12763 [Accessed 17 Mar. 2017].

Personal and Social Struggles in The Crucible by Arthur Miller Essay

Although a strict society composed of high morality and disciplinary laws may be necessary for safety, it causes internal conflicts within the individuals. In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller a theocracy in Salem rules and guides the citizens into doing what is â€Å"right†, but eventually backfires due to issues of reputation and jealousy. Society has a lot of influence on the citizens, and with a bad reputation, it is nearly impossible to live in a Puritan society. Salem’s strict Puritanical social structure causes personal struggles for the individuals involved in the events of The Crucible, and then eventually these personal struggles affect the society overall. Abigail’s struggles come from many of her personal desires that are forbidden in her society, causing her to lie. However, this also creates further social problems, such as the initiation of the witch trials. After Betty is stuck in a coma, Reverend Parris questions Abigail about the night in the woods, because he is suspicious and she denies that it had anything to do with witchcraft. Abigail replies to Parris saying, â€Å" We never conjured spirits† (24). Abigail lies to Parris, denies the statement that witchcraft ever occurred, and says that all they did was danced. Witchcraft and dancing both are sins in the society, and she knows that her reputation is at stake and finds the need to lie to look innocent. Parris wants to be sure and calls Reverend Hale to look further into the issue. Once Reverend Hale comes into town, he questions Abigail about the night, and she once again denies everything he asks her. Abigail is being questioned by Hale, and once Tituba ente rs she screams, â€Å" She made me do it! She made Betty do it! She makes me drink blood!† (45). Abigail denies every... ...Proctor deals with issues based on guilt which eventually are brought up in court. Although the individuals’ personal struggles in The Crucible are brought by society, ultimately they affect society as well. Abigail’s personal desires were forbidden in society which brought her struggles, ultimately causing her to lie, and then initiating the witch trials. Mary Warren is unable to keep her personal commitment to John Proctor because of her fear of Abigail and the girls, eventually harming John Proctor. Lastly, John Proctor deals with his guilt over his affair with Abigail, and he confesses in court, but Elizabeth testifies he has not had an affair. All of these personal and social struggles are relevant to our society today because the witch trials are still a very controversial Works Cited Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: the Penguin Group, 1995.

Are cell Phones a Health Hazard?

Are cell Phones a Health Hazard? With the increasing of mobile phones' functions, people rely more and more on them. The lower price also enables the mobile phone to become people's daily necessity. Now even many students have their own mobile phone. People began to worry about the cell phone which will do harm to our health. But why people become worried about that? There are some speculates that cell phone might potentially threaten human being's health. Mobile phones can emit radiofrequency energy (radio waves), which is constituted by non-ionizing radiation.Things closest to the cell phones will absorb this energy. According to the Cellular Telecommunications and Internet Association, as of 2010, there were more than 303 million subscribers to mobile phone service in the United States, which is nearly three times than the 110 million users in 2000. Globally, the number of mobile phone subscriptions is estimated to be 5 billion by the International Telecommunications Union. The nu mber of mobile subscriptions has already increased quickly.  (Cell Phones and Cancer Risk, 2012)The chart below (Chart 1) shows the number of mobile Internet users, including the prediction of the number in 2013. Over time, the amount of time of each phone call, as well as the number of people using the mobile phone has increased. Mobile phone technology has also had a very big change. Chart 1 Chart1: US moblie Internet users & penertration, 2008-2013 (millions and % mobile phone subscriers) To my way of thinking, cell phones will really have a health hazard. RF is a potential threat to human body.Radiofrequency energy (RF) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation can be defined into two types: ionizing (e. g. , x-rays, radon, and cosmic rays) and non-ionizing (e. g. , radiofrequency and extremely low-frequency or power frequency). (Cell Phones and Cancer Risk, 2012) As we know, all of the creatures and plants, including humans, are exposed to ionizing rad iation and non-ionizing radiation during the whole period of evolution. So recently the society began to worry about the potential harm of RF from cell phones which may cause brain cancer.A series of studies began to look at the relationship between cell phone usage and brain tumors. If cell phone will bring a negative effect was a controversial topic, and the opinions on this topic are extremely different. Some people hold that cell phones are nothing to do with the health problems, since the non-ionizing radiation from cell phones is typically safe to the human body. A low level of radiofrequency energy is a kind of non-ionizing radiation, and it is different from high levels of radiofrequency energy that produces negative health effects by heating tissue.(Radiation-Emitting Products, 2012) Therefore, it can say people exposed to low level RF which does not heat tissues in human body are not necessary to worry about with cell phones. Although low level RF is safe doesn’t me an that the potential damages do not exist. Firstly, our brain is able to absorb the electromagnetic radiation at radio frequencies that emitted by mobile phones, so if we use mobile phones for a long time, which will increase the hazard of brain cancer to a great extent. So this is a long-term effect. Secondly, cell phones are becoming more advanced, and the inner structure of cell phones has had a great change.Cell phones have come to our daily life with more functions, which may have unknown effects. A recent study showed that when people used a cell phone for 50 minutes, brain tissues on the same side of the head metabolized more glucose than that on the opposite side of the brain. (Cell Phones and Cancer Risk, 2012) It means that using cell phones can change some tissues of human body, although the outcomes have not been deemed good or not. Another negative effect is that talking through cell phones when driving will increase the risk of traffic accidents.There were nearly 80 m illion people who own cell phones, and surveys indicated that 85 percent of these owners use phones while driving. (Williams & Analyst, 2002) According to the journal's publisher, the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, there are 2,600 deaths and 330,000 injuries in the United States every year because of mobile phone distraction. (Britt, 2005) Drivers talking on cell phones will have their attention distracted. As a matter of fact that only 80% of their attention can be paid when they are talking to somebody. And speaking requires more attention than listening.In a conversation, if a driver is more eager to talk to others than to listen, the greater the distraction he has. It is said that drivers use cell phones when they are driving just look but don’t see. There were two different experiments associated with professor of psychology Dr. Amit Almor. (Science Daily, 2008) One experiment needed the participants to test the visual shape on a monitor, and the second experiment required participants to do a visual task while listening to a story that had been prerecorded and then the participants were required to tell their feeling about this story.In the end, the attention level of these participants had been measured. People found that they were four times more distracted when people were speaking than when they were listening. It came to a conclusion that speaking demands more brain’s resources than listening. People are used to communicating face-to- face, so if they were talking while driving, they will imagine the conversation in their brain, and they have to try to remember what they have been talking and how to respond in a right position. Hearing loss is also a big health hazard.People who use cell phones for more than one year acquire hearing loss problems, according to research presented at the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation's Annual Meeting & OTO EXPO in Washington, DC. Otherwise, the study found tha t people who used mobile phones more than one hour a day were more likely to suffer from hearing problems. (Robert, 2007) Obviously, long-term use of cell phones will have a great impact on hearing, which is mostly a negative impact. Using cell phones too long may damage our inner ear and bring about a high frequency hearing loss.High frequency hearing loss means that people may feel difficult to hear consonants such as s, f, t, and z, but they can hear vowels generally. Therefore, although people can hear muffled sounds, they unable to figure out what people exactly say. Not just talking too much through cell phones may cause hearing loss, but listening to high decibel music is also producing a big damage to hearing. People now would like listening music with their phones wherever they go, such as in the train, because it is very noisy when taking a train, so people always prefer listening to high decibel music that they can enjoy the clearer music.If some symptoms such as ear ring ing, ear warmth, and the ear fullness have arose, which are warning signs that your hearing is in danger. What are the reasons these symptoms have occurred. The possible cause is the electric-magnetic-frequencies, which emit a magnetic field greater than 3 milli-gauss from many cell phones.The Environmental Protection Agency has announced that electric-magnetic-frequencies greater than 3 milli-gauss may do harm to human health. (Robert, 2007) Naresh K. Panda, MS, DNB, chairman of the department of ear, nose, and throat at the Post Graduate Institute of  Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India, and researcher for a study. He and his colleagues performed experiment. They texted 100 people, at the age of 18 to 45, who had used cell phones for at least one year, and according to length of use, they divided this people into 3 groups. One group had 35 people, who had used cell phones for one to two years, and another group of 35 had used cell phones for two to four years, an d the final 30 people had used them for more than four years.Those who used the mobile phones for more than four years suffered a greater degree of hearing loss in their right ear, the ear often listens through the phone, than those who used the mobile phone for one to two years. (Doheny, 2007) As well, using cell phones too long will hurt our eyesight. Numbers of people use cell phones every day. We can do many things on our cell phones: sending text messages, reading emails, surfing the web, and even finding the driving directions. It’s so amazing that we can do all of this work just in a device which can be held in one hand.However, lots of problems are coming with this convenience. Reading such the really small text on the phones will cause problems. Not only for the tiny letters in such a small screen, but also people have become accustomed to holding the phone closer to their face than they need to. Reading from your phone forces your eyes to focus in a way which is muc h different than before when people usually read from paper. It is also harmful with your eyes’ vergence, which is the simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions to obtain or maintain single binocular vision.Although your eyes are designed to adapt to the circumstances more easily, many people have become accustomed to reading from their cell phones all day long. In the long term, not only can this habit lead to headaches, but also eyestrain, dry eyes, and blurred vision. According to Dr. Jeffrey Hankin, an optometrist, people are pulling their smart phone four inches closer than normal reading distance could cause problems. (NBC25 News, 2011) This is always accompanied by a headache while people just feel tired and maybe have a little difficulty on focusing.Sometimes the blink rate will slow down and the eyes are dry. These symptoms cannot be ignored. It is saying that your eyesight is becoming weaker. How cell phones damage our eyesight? We are in the environ ment full of radiation and electrical signals , at the same time, human body was being attacked by hundreds of signals every second. It is affecting all our body parts, but we have not aware of it yet. â€Å"The wavelength of wireless signals (which is about 2 to 2. 5 cm) used for mobile phones and other wireless terminals matches with that received by the human eye.The dielectric constant (absorption capacity) of eye tissues is around 70 which is greater than unity (above 50). This means that the eye can absorb electromagnetic energy very quickly,† explains Dwivedi. (Cell phones can damage eyes, 2010) So it comes out a conclusion that the problem is not the energy absorbs by the eye, but the heat from the energy absorbed by the eye cannot get transmitted out of the body. Moreover, cell phones have a strong relationship with human mental health. People always take cell phone with them all the time, no matter where they go.They play games, listen to music, watch videos, and ch at with friends. It seems like that we can't live without cell phones, especially children. More and more children at 12 and 13 ages have their own cell phones. Those children who are addicted to cell phones spend most of time on their phones, like talking, texting or playing games. Their parents are beginning to be concerned that the children are unable to do some normal activities without their phones. They often skip classes and lie to relatives to get more money to buy phone cards.It these situations, cell phones are just like the drugs which make the children gradually lose themselves. What’s more, lots of students even play cell phones during class. While teachers are speaking in front of students, students are texting or playing games in their seat even without any covers. The other mental problem is that cell phone is tending to cause depression and sleep problems in young people now. Young people who use cell phones heavily also complain more about sleeping problems, pressures and other mental health problems, according to researchers at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.(Pedersen, 2012) Researchers made a questionnaire survey towards 4,100 young adults at the ages of 20 to24 and interviewed 32 heavy users of information and communication technology. The findings interpret that the use of mobile phone has a close relationship with pressure, depressive symptoms and sleeping disorders. The researchers could not be sure of the origin causes, but what we can speculate is that people with depression or sleep problems perhaps get access to cell phones more than others. Here is more other evidence. The University of Tokyo’s researchers investigated nearly 18,000 young people in in high school in Japan.In order to estimate their depression, anxiety and even thoughts about suicide, the participants were required to answer some specific questions. Participants also reported how often they spoke on their cellphones or sent emails after going to bed and how many hours they slept at night. The findings tell us that children in different countries with different cultures have similar problems are related to similar reasons. As a whole, cell phones are closely integrated cell phones into our lives, yet they have health hazard for our daily lives. We should use them in a proper way.

Romanticism And Realism Essays - Art History, Nude Art, Free Essays

Romanticism And Realism Essays - Art History, Nude Art, Free Essays Romanticism and Realism At the end of the Baroque Period in the eighteenth and nineteenth century art was divided into two distinct categories, Romanticism and Realism. Romanticism, the passion-filled works illustrating stimulating accounts of specific events with symbolic gestures emerging from the scene, separated itself from the more politically correct stance taken by Realists. A fine example of Romanticism is G?ricault?s Raft of the Medusa. The brutal scene, set afloat on the wild seas, is emphasized by the chiaroscuro modeling of the lump of figures in the center of the raft. The X form of the composition draws your eye all around the composition. The eye starts at the top right with the Revolutionary figure holding on to a piece of cloth in the colors of the French Revolution and then is drawn down the diagonal. G?ricault then depicts the striving, the dying, and the dead as they overlap each other in a fierce struggle to survive. The eye is then drawn up and down the dark opposing diagonal. This whole scene is then placed on the mighty ocean to delineate the fact that the raft is a metaphor for France being on a hostile ocean of depravity. The Grande Odalisque also typifies Romanticism. Ingres, using example such as the Mannerist Parmaganino?s Madonna with a long neck, takes the artistic license to elongate the figure of this Turkish harem girl. Influenced by the neo-classical revival Ingres draws upon the Greek technique of flat linear forms and depicts his model in an impossible position allow us the view of both her shoulders and her breast; the figure is given an extra three vertebrae in order to maintain this position. Ingres endows a feeling of sensuality into the figure instead of the paint. The chromatic effect of the composition pulls the harem girl to the front as she is the only warm color in the piece. Ingres also gives her a very exotic feel with her accessories: the peacock fan, velvet drapes, and other exorbitant furniture. Ingres also uses Raphael?s typical female head and a gaze that says, ?You have just interrupted me,? but you don?t know what you interrupted further intriguing the voyeur. In contrast to the almost mystical passion and intrigue of Grande Odalisque is Rue Transnonain. This lithograph by Daumier is realism in the truest sense. Daumier depict the social injustice of the innocent killing of all the workers in a housing block. Daumier draws in the viewer with the initial scene of a man in his pajamas lying dead against his bed. The viewer is then drawn to pay closer attention to the work. In careful examination of the piece the viewer sees a baby crushed under the man with just its head and arms coming out from under the weight of this man. There is a pool of blood forming from the baby which intends to play on the viewers sympathy eliciting violent emotions of hatred towards the butcher who took the lives of these innocent people who were obviously sleeping as indicated by the attire and disarray of the bed. The awful scene depicted in Rue Transnonain. elicits emotions and a need for social reform. The Third Day of May, by Goya is an example of a transitional piece which reflects both Realism and Romanticism. In this piece Goya depicts a specific incident in which a number a civilians in Madrid were rounded up in killed in retaliation for the deaths of French soldiers a few days before. Painted during Goya?s ?Black Period? the tenebroso conflict of the light fighting away at the dark sky is extremely dramatic and the chromatic effect from this adds to the suspense and drama of the situation at hand. Goya also puts the victim of this murderous rampage in a white shirt to symbolize innocence, strongly drawing on the Romantic style. But Goya also uses the harsh reality of the dead body and the pool of blood accumulating on the ground to make a social commentary on the death of these men, drawing on the school of Realism. Courbet, considered by many the father of realism, also uses techniques of both schools. To illustrate, in Burials of Ornans, Courbet depicts a funeral scene with an intense feel

Call of the wild essay essays

Call of the wild essay essays The losses and changes of Buck In Jacks Londons The Call of the Wild, a character named Buck is kidnapped and formed into a strong, courageous, sled dog, that is determined to win back his freedom and go back his home where it is in the wild.Buck is a dog that was stolen from the Santa Clara county and was forced to live a harsh life in the Yukon. Some examples you will see is Buck changes from a coward who flies when he sees any thing he cant handle to a strong, mentally, physically, and emotionally strong sled dog. When Buck gets captured by the men he becomes something he really is not. For instance he is become accustomed to live in the Yukon and his instincts that he had come back again (London 23). Even thought that Buck used to live in a nice laid back life with his owner he was able to adapt to his new life in the Yukon. He also learns and begins to obey the Law of the Fang but to not die like his friend Curly did, he promised himself he would not kick the bucket like that. His strong determination in what he does helps him a lot in the book and how he reacts to some hard times he faced his mental awareness helps him understand to live by the Law of the Fang or die not doing it. The law of the fang is when you obey the law that the dogs made so they can live peacefully. One of the men in this book John Thornton tries to help Buck succeed. Buck does not realize until John Thornton is the only that actually cares for him. While other men just thought of him as a use of hard work but Thornton though and saw the welfare of their dogs from a sense of duty (London 71). He treated the dogs as he was his own flesh and blood. Buck progress in a slow but steady manner. He is no longer a red eyed devil but a tough sled dog. One of the first things ...

Online Course Development Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Online Course Development - Research Paper Example ive and apply other corresponding tools and processes in curriculum development when developing projects consistent with their professional aspirations and expectations. 1. There are different types of theorizing as presented by different authors and scholars. Define the term â€Å"Theorizing† as discussed by different scholars. What are the implications for the different definitions for practice? 2. Read chapter 4 of Marsh and Willis and other online readings recommended for this course. Develop a virtual mental picture of the teachers; prescriptive theorizer (TED), Descriptive Theorizer (TAMMY) and Critical-Exploratory Theorizer (TODD). Remember to include in your mental picture of these teachers, their common beliefs, goals, beliefs, practices, and habits 2. Students must reflect the different priorities, backgrounds, experience and skill brought by different stakeholders during curriculum planning. Remember to develop detailed discussions on the role played by teachers, principals, parents and student during curriculum development 1. Write a critical response on the basic concepts that underlie curriculum research and some of the approaches schools are using to support the process of curriculum development. The reflection should thorough and present a clear thesis. 2. Discuss the problems faced during curriculum planning and implementations. Include approaches that can be used to solve the problems you stated and possible recommendation for future implementation process 1. In Chapter 6 of the course textbook, Marsh and Willis (2007) elaborate and present the different players during the curriculum process and the hats they wear. In the hats presented in the chapter, identify the hats that you may wear. Visit and open the course website and click on that hat. Read the role associated with that hat during the curriculum planning and implementation process. 2. You are a crucial member of the curriculum planning group. Two facilitators have agreed to work

The impact of recordings on performance with particular reference to Essay

The impact of recordings on performance with particular reference to violinists, Kreisler, Heifetz and Menuhin - Essay Example Many critics have debated on John Phillip Sousa’s argument; however, the most apparent issues that have risen from these debates is the fact that Music has changed overtime. The current society has evolved technologically creating a scenario whereby people can record music of DVD players, disk drives and even download from the internet. The existence of such technology that has enabled man to manipulate music has certainly made music a virtual medium; that is, an art without identity. Even music that was played in the part can easily be searched on the internet and rearranged to entertain the listeners. Recording has played a major role in enhancing the work done by violinists. Many violinist for instance those that aspire to record solo violin sonata with a mixture of other instruments, do not require to undergo a process of looking for other instrumentalists but rather record their solo violin sound. This is later automatically mixed with other desirable instruments using modern technologies. Moreover, modern technologies used in recording have improved the quality of violin sounds through the use of technologies such as the condenser; hence making such sounds appealing to human ear. By improving the quality of the sounds produced by violins, many violinists have the opportunity to attract a large number of audiences. Consequently, recorded violin sounds are usually sold to different audiences thereby increasing their income. One of the renowned violinists who has greatly benefited from recording of his performance was Fritz Kreisler who was born in Austria in 1875. One of his major recordings that were recorded is â€Å"Liebesleid†. This piece has formed the staple of the current violin sounds produced by various violinists owing to the fact that many violinists have used it as a benchmark. On the other hand, recordings have also negatively affected